Goats have been one of humankind’s most valuable farm animals for thousands of years. From producing milk and meat to providing fibre for clothing, they’re incredibly versatile and full of personality! Many people are also keeping goats simply as friendly, engaging backyard companions. But goats aren’t just small cows they have unique needs, quirky behaviours, and their own brand of mischief that makes them both endearing and a little challenging.If you’re thinking about welcoming goats into your life, this guide covers everything you need to know about feeding, housing, health, and choosing the right breed.
| Breed | Temperament | Primary Use |
|---|---|---|
| Alpine | Friendly, hardy, adaptable | Milk production |
| Nubian | Gentle, sociable | Milk production (high butterfat) |
| Boer | Calm, docile | Meat production |
| Pygmy | Playful, curious | Pets, small-scale milk |
| Saanen | Calm, gentle | High-volume milk production |
| LaMancha | Quiet, easy-going | Milk production |
Feeding Your Goats
A goat’s diet forms the foundation of its health, productivity, and overall happiness.
Daily Diet Essentials:
Forage First – Goats thrive on good quality hay and fresh pasture. This should make up around 70–80% of their diet.
Pellets & Grains – Use goat specific feed to provide balanced nutrition, particularly for pregnant, lactating, or growing goats. Avoid sheep feed as it lacks vital copper.
Mineral Access – Always provide loose goat minerals, not blocks, to ensure proper copper, selenium, and other trace mineral intake.
Clean Water – Fresh water is essential and should be available at all times, especially in hot weather.
Treats & Extras:
Vegetables like carrots, beetroot, or leafy greens in moderation.
Apple slices, banana, or pumpkin as occasional rewards.
Avoid Giving Goats:
Garden clippings (may contain poisonous plants)
Plants such as rhododendron, azalea, yew, foxglove, and oleander
Mouldy or dusty feed
Housing & Shelter
Goats are tough, but they hate getting wet and dislike draughts.
Shelter Requirements:
A solid, waterproof roof with good ventilation to reduce respiratory issues.
Dry flooring with straw or shavings as bedding. Replace regularly to keep things hygienic.
Space allowance: at least 15–20 sq ft per goat indoors, plus outdoor pasture.
Outdoor Space & Fencing:
Secure fencing is a must goats are natural escape artists. Use 4–5 ft high fencing made from woven wire or stock fencing.
Provide climbing structures like logs, ramps, or platforms to keep them entertained.
Health & Care
Keeping goats healthy involves a combination of preventative care, observation, and quick action when something’s wrong.
Routine Goat Care:
Hoof Trimming – Every 4–6 weeks to prevent lameness.
Vaccinations – Commonly for tetanus and enterotoxaemia (check with your vet).
Parasite Management – Regular worming and faecal egg counts to avoid resistance.
Grooming – Short-haired goats need minimal brushing, but fibre breeds like Angora require regular grooming.
Breeding & Kidding – If breeding goats, provide extra nutritional support to pregnant does and proper facilities for kidding.
Handling & Temperament
Goats are intelligent and curious animals that love to investigate everything.
Social Nature:
Goats are herd animals — never keep just one. They thrive with company from other goats or sheep.
They quickly learn routines and can even respond to their names.
Temperament Tips:
Handle kids early for friendly, easy-to-manage adults.
Provide mental stimulation like puzzle feeders or toys.
Expect some cheekiness — goats are known for testing boundaries.
Final Thoughts
Goats are more than just farm animals they’re companions, lawn mowers, and entertainers all rolled into one. With the right care, secure fencing, and a bit of patience, they’ll reward you with fresh milk, fibre, or simply their endearing company. Choose a breed that suits your needs and lifestyle, and you’ll quickly discover why goats have been treasured by farmers for centuries.
