Backyard hens are more than just a source of fresh eggs they’re curious, intelligent, and full of personality. Whether you keep them for eggs, companionship, or simply to enjoy the rhythm they bring to your garden, hens are rewarding and surprisingly easy to care for when you know the basics. In this guide, we’ll cover the best breeds, what to feed, how to house them, daily routines, and the health checks every hen keeper should know.
| Breed Type | Breed | Temperament | Egg Production | Special Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pure Breed | Rhode Island Red | Hardy, friendly | 250–300/year (brown) | Excellent all-rounders, great for beginners |
| Pure Breed | Sussex | Calm, adaptable | ~250/year (cream/light brown) | Attractive plumage, good for mixed flocks |
| Pure Breed | Plymouth Rock (Barred Rock) | Docile, family-friendly | 200–250/year (brown) | Easy to handle, good with children |
| Pure Breed | Orpington | Large, gentle | 150–200/year (various colours) | Cold-hardy, great for pets and shows |
| Hybrid Layer | Warren | Friendly, prolific | 300+/year (brown) | Great beginner bird, reliable layer |
| Hybrid Layer | ISA Brown | Hardy, productive | 320+/year (brown) | Top commercial hybrid, low-maintenance |
| Hybrid Layer | Black Star | Easy-going | 250+/year (brown) | Good in various climates, docile nature |
Feeding & Nutrition
Layers pellets – the main diet for adult hens to support egg production.
Mixed corn – a scratch feed treat, best given in the afternoon.
Greens – cabbage, spinach, lettuce, kale.
Protein treats – mealworms, sunflower seeds (in moderation).
Grit & oyster shell – aids digestion and boosts shell strength.
Seasonal Tips:
In winter, increase carbohydrates (like corn) for warmth.
In summer, provide extra greens and cool water.
Avoid: Chocolate, raw potato, avocado, citrus fruits, salty food, mouldy feed.
Housing & Coop Requirements
Size: Minimum 1 square metre of indoor coop space per hen, plus outdoor run space.
Ventilation: Prevents damp and ammonia build-up.
Perches: Round-edged, 2–3 inches wide.
Nesting boxes: One box for every 3–4 hens, lined with clean straw or shavings.
Predator proofing: Bury wire mesh 30cm into the ground to stop foxes and rats.
Water Needs
Fresh, clean water daily.
Use heavy bottomed drinkers or raised stands to prevent tipping.
In winter, check regularly to prevent freezing.
Daily Care Checklist
✅ Feed morning and top up water.
✅ Collect eggs daily.
✅ Check hens for injury, mites, or illness.
✅ Secure hens in the evening.
Health & Hygiene Tips
Weekly clean of coop and nesting boxes.
Use diatomaceous earth or poultry powder to prevent lice and mites.
Watch for common illnesses:
Marek’s disease – prevent via vaccination.
Coccidiosis – keep bedding dry, treat if needed.
Egg binding – quick vet care required.
Extra Tips for Egg Production & Flock Harmony
Avoid overcrowding stress reduces egg laying.
Offer dust baths to keep feathers clean and pests away.
Break up bullying by providing more feeders and drinkers.
Handle hens gently from a young age to build trust.
Final Thoughts
Backyard hens can quickly become a cherished part of your daily life. With proper housing, a balanced diet, and regular care, they’ll reward you with fresh eggs, natural pest control, and plenty of quirky chicken antics for years to come.
